Arabian Rock Art Heritage

The Application of Advanced Imaging Technology to Saudi Arabian Rock Art

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  • “The King,” Jubbah

    Located a short walk from the "Eagle's Nest" panel of petroglyphs at Jubbah, this unique panel shows a large, atypically realistic figure of a male, who has been interpreted as a king or other [...]

  • A’Abar Harema morning, Bir H...

    This dramatic and complex panel shows a vivid battle scene with infantry, cavalry, and camel corps fighting with sabers and long lances. Whether this depicts one enormous battle or several [...]

  • A’Abar Harema, Bir Hima

    This dramatic and complex panel shows a vivid battle scene with infantry, cavalry, and camel corps fighting with sabers and long lances. Whether this depicts one enormous battle or several [...]

  • Al Daksh detail, Tayma

    This pretty panel has three very elegant Arabian horses depicted, with the central figure being the largest.

  • Al Diwan, Mada’in Saleh

    In the middle of the Jebel Ithlib is a natural slit that measures 40 m (131 feet), called the Siq, after a similar corridor at Petra.

  • Al Naslaa 2, Tayma

    When one approaches this massive half-dome, one is struck by the beauty of the sandstone and the desert around it. The sand seems to sweep up around it like waves along the seashore.

  • Al Naslaa, Tayma

    Al Naslaa is one of the most photogenic petroglyphs we have seen. The uniform slit between the two standing stones and the flat faces are completely natural.

  • Al Sinya, near Al Ula

    Sporadic small figures on this rock are sprinkled about its face. It is unusual in having three lions depicted. A chariot with multiple spokes is pulled by two equids and one man is driving it. [...]

  • Area C, Mada’in Saleh

    Area C is an outcrop in the southeastern part of Mada'in Saleh that contains numerous tombs, dating to 16-61 CE.

  • Chariot and Horses (detail), Jubba...

    This style of depicting a chariot and its team of horses in plan view is distinctive and unique for Saudi Arabia.

  • Chariot Horses in context of local...

    The magnificent sandstone outcrops near Jubbah, Saudi Arabia, provide a breathtaking backdrop for the unique petroglyphs that occur there.

  • Detail of Aliah figures, Petroglyp...

    Multiple Aliah figures, along with warriors on horseback, camels, ibex, etc., adorn this handsome panel in a small wadi near Bir Hima.

  • Dhabiya 2, near Shamli, Ha’il Pr...

    Dhabiya 2, located near the town of Shamli, in Ha'il Province, has several panels with Arabian horses and riders that are very well executed.

  • Dhabiya, near Shamli, Ha’il Prov...

    Dhabiya is an attractive locality that has three individual panels separated by several meters. They all show very finely executed Arabian horses. This panel is the most interesting in that it [...]

  • Eagle’s Nest, Jubbah

    This panel of petroglyphs near Jubbah is densely packed with animal and human figures, mainly dating to the Neolithic, but with some more recent ones overlying them.

  • Equine hunting scene at Shuwaymis

    This Neolithic petroglyph, which can be found on the western side of the Shuwaymis locality, is a hunting scene in which a bow hunter and his pack of dogs prepare to dispatch an African wild ass [...]

  • Fardath ZamZam, Bir Hima

    Fardath ZamZam is a panel rich in images of cavalrymen in battle with long lances and other weaponry. It also shows a few female figures. Different ages are represented by the palimpsest of [...]

  • Hisan Arnan, Ha’il Province

    Hisan Arnan, in Ha'il Province, is a large sandstone block with one face heavily packed with figures and writing.

  • Hoodoo, Bir Hima

    A delicately balanced block of sandstone (or hoodoo) at the top of this hill attracted the attention of ancient artists in southern Saudi Arabia.

  • Horsemen Slab, Bir Hima

    An isolated block of sandstone is adorned by three mounted cavalrymen wielding lances and a sword.

  • Hunter-Herders, Jebel Qatar Cave

    It depicts a herding scene with a a bull, sheep, and goats being herded by men and dogs.

  • Jebel Habib, Tayma

    Jebel Habib is another half dome with a large flat surface ideal for carving petroglyphs. It is in a beautiful setting with sand drifting like waves on a seashore against the rock face.

  • Jebel Habib, Tayma (detail)

    This close-up shows the elegance of the Arabian horse, the only figure on this massive rock face.

  • Oryx Hunting Scene

    This boulder is heavily laden with petroglyphs. It is located just south of The King and Eagle's Nest at Jebel al Sanman, Jubbah.

  • Painted bull panel, Bir Hima

    This excellent panel of petroglyphs was discovered on 24 January 2010 by Dr. Majeed Khan and the Carnegie Museum of Natural History team in the Bir Hima region of Saudi Arabia, in Najran Province.

  • Petroglyph Bonanza, Jubbah

    Hidden amongst the sandstones of this rugged terrain are multiple petroglyph panels spanning thousands of years of cultural evolution in northern Saudi Arabia.

  • Petroglyph Valley, Bir Hima

    This wadi at Bir Hima preserves a rich assemblage of petroglyphs in an unusual concentration. The rock art here displays a wide variety of subjects, including animals, humans, and Alia figures, [...]

  • Qaryat al-Asba

    This is one of the best known and most visited examples of Saudi Arabian rock art, located not far west of Riyadh. This prominent panel bears a wide diversity of animals and numerous battle scenes.

  • Qasr Al Bint, Mada’in Saleh

    Qasr al Bint, “Palace of the Daughter or Maiden,” is the largest tomb façade at Mada'in Saleh, with a height of 16 m. It lends its name to the group of adjacent tombs.

  • Qasr Al Fareed, Mada’in Sale...

    The most photogenic and most iconic symbol of Mada’in Saleh is Qasr al-Farid, a single tomb carved into a small dome that stands alone in the open.

  • Sandy Point, Shuwaymis East

    A dramatic sandstone outcrop on the east side of the Shuwaymis valley hosts several assemblages of petroglyphs of more recent dates, including many camels.

  • Shuwaymis East, Camel Panel

    These camel petroglyphs are much more recent than the Neolithic petroglyphs found on the west side of the valley at Shuwaymis. Here, the full beauty of the panel is illuminated by the setting sun.

  • Shuwaymis West

    The Neolithic age of this panel is readily identified by the distinctive style of pecking used to produce the deeply-incised petroglyphs and by the unique assemblage of animals and humans shown [...]

  • Shuwaymis West Hunting Party

    A Neolithic hunting scene featuring the hunter, his dogs, and his quarry, wild cattle. A leopard climbs vertically up the cliff face on the right and a tiny gazelle can be seen near the bottom, [...]

  • Shuwaymis West Neolithic Hunter-He...

    A gigantic piece of sandstone on the west side of the Shuwaymis valley served as a canvas for several stupendous Neolithic panels after it had cracked and partially slumped.

  • Uqulqh, Tayma

    Uqulqh is a large sandstone outcrop not far from the ancient city of Tayma. It features Arabian horses with tasseled tails that resemble those of donkeys or camels.

Stories in the Rocks

Saudi Arabia possesses world-class rock art in a dazzling desert landscape replete with majestic natural formations. Stories in the Rocks: Exploring Saudi Arabian Rock Art is a beautifully illustrated book written in an easily accessible manner. Its goal is to enlighten readers about the records created by ancient artists on the sandstone cliffs and outcrops distributed widely down Saudi Arabia from north to south.

Layan Cultural Foundation Project

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© Sandra L. Olsen